Table 3

Poverty in the Midwest remained elevated long after the Great Recession: Three-year-average official poverty rates between 2005 and 2021 (U.S. and Midwestern states)

 2005–2007  2007–2009  2009–2011  2011–2013  2013–2015  2015–2017  2017–2019   2019–2021
United States 12.5% 13.4% 14.8% 14.8% 14.4% 12.8% 11.5% 11.2%
Illinois 10.7% 11.8% 13.8% 13.4% 12.7% 11.3% 10.4% 9.3%
Indiana 11.7% 14.1% 16.0% 14.1% 14.9% 12.3% 11.1% 10.8%
Iowa 10.2% 9.7% 10.5% 10.5% 11.3% 9.7% 8.7% 9.5%
Kansas 12.3% 12.7% 14.2% 13.8% 12.6% 13.4% 10.4% 8.6%
Michigan 12.0% 12.6% 14.9% 14.4% 13.4% 12.2% 10.7% 11.0%
Minnesota 8.5% 10.1% 10.6% 10.7% 9.0% 8.6% 7.4% 7.0%
Missouri 11.9% 13.9% 15.3% 14.8% 12.6% 11.3% 11.0% 10.8%
Nebraska 9.9% 10.1% 10.1% 11.2% 10.9% 10.1% 10.3% 8.4%
North Dakota 10.6% 10.7% 11.2% 10.4% 11.2% 11.0% 10.1% 9.1%
Ohio 12.4% 13.3% 14.6% 14.7% 14.7% 13.3% 12.4% 12.2%
South Dakota 10.6% 12.2% 14.1% 12.5% 13.3% 12.9% 10.6% 10.2%
Wisconsin 10.4% 10.5% 11.3% 11.8% 11.9% 10.5% 8.7% 8.6%

Note: The official poverty measure compares pretax cash income to a set of thresholds that vary by the size of the family and the ages of family members. These calculations do not account for the value of in-kind benefits or tax credits, nor do they consider regional differences in living costs or expenses.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Table 21. Percent of people in poverty by state, 3-year averages [xlsx].

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