Table 4

Pandemic relief kept supplemental poverty rates below official poverty rates in all states in the Midwest: Supplemental and official poverty rates by state, 2019–2021 average

Supplemental poverty rate Official poverty rate
United States 9.6% 11.2%
Illinois 7.8% 9.3%
Indiana 7.4% 10.8%
Iowa 6.0% 9.5%
Kansas 6.0% 8.6%
Michigan 7.6% 11.0%
Minnesota 5.1% 7.0%
Missouri 7.5% 10.8%
Nebraska 6.2% 8.4%
North Dakota 7.1% 9.1%
Ohio 8.1% 12.2%
South Dakota 6.2% 10.2%
Wisconsin 5.4% 8.6%

Notes: The official poverty measure compares pretax cash income to a set of thresholds that vary by the size of the family and the ages of family members. These calculations do not account for the value of in-kind benefits or tax credits, nor do they consider regional differences in living costs or expenses. The supplemental poverty measure extends the official poverty measure by, among other things, accounting for government benefits, necessary expenses, and geographic variations in living costs.

Source: EPI analysis of Poverty in the United States: 2021.

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