Today, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reported that 379,000 jobs were added in February. While that’s a solid number, the U.S. economy is still down 9.5 million jobs from where we were a year ago. At this pace, it would take more than two years to even get back to pre-recession employment levels—but getting back to pre-recession levels would not come close to filling in the total jobs gap.

Thousands of jobs would have been added each month over the last year without the pandemic recession. If we count how many jobs may have been created if the recession hadn’t hit—consider average job growth (202,000) over the 12 months before the recession—we are now short 11.9 million jobs since February. Make no mistake: The $1.9 trillion relief and recovery bill being considered in Congress this week is exactly what workers and their families need right now.

Low-wage workers continue to be the hardest hit in the recession. While leisure and hospitality—the lowest paid sector—saw significant improvements in February (+355,000 jobs), it remains 3.5 million jobs below where it was in February 2020. In addition, the labor market continued to hemorrhage public-sector jobs last month, falling by 86,000 in February. The state and local government job shortfall stands at 1.4 million jobs, with 1.0 million of those losses in state and local education employment. Given that state and local governments face many new expenses in figuring out how to open schools safely, it is imperative that additional aid be provided to state and local governments so that new costs won’t squeeze out necessary hiring. Policymakers must not shortchange aid to state and local governments, which is essential to a robust recovery.

As we approach International Women’s Day, it is important to remember that women have borne a heavier burden of job losses in the pandemic recession. Women’s disproportionate job losses are due in part to both occupational segregation (i.e., women disproportionately more likely to hold lower-wage service-sector jobs) and caretaking responsibilities (i.e., closed schools and day care options, and caregiving responsibilities for other family members in general). In the United States, there’s a clear gender story here, but in the aggregate, it’s not about white women. Black and Hispanic women experienced the most significant and disproportionate job losses in the pandemic recession.

Black workers experienced an uptick in unemployment in February, back to 9.9%, just shy of the high-water mark in the Great Recession. Because of historic and current systemic racism, Black and Latinx workers have seen more job loss and more illness in this pandemic. Passing large-scale relief measures now is an economic and racial justice imperative.

The unemployment rate improved slightly, hitting 6.2% in February, but it would be a huge oversight to think that those officially unemployed workers are the only ones to experience economic pain in the pandemic recession.

In addition to the 10.0 million officially unemployed workers in February 2021, we must add four more groups of economically hurt workers:

• First, the 756,000 workers misclassified as “employed, not at work.”
• Second, the 2.7 million undercount of unemployed workers, found even in normal times.
• Third, the 5.1 million workers now out of the labor force and not counted among the unemployed—measured by the differential between the size of the current labor force and what the labor force would be if the labor force participation rate hadn’t dropped over the last year.
• Fourth, the 6.6 million workers who experienced a drop in hours and pay because of the pandemic.

(More detailed methodology on each of these numbers can be found here.)

In total, this means that 25.1 million workers—or 14.7% of the workforce—have been directly harmed by the coronavirus downturn. On top of this, another 1.2 million people applied for unemployment insurance benefits last week. It is clear that policymakers need to step up right now to provide relief, and the $1.9 trillion relief and recovery bill is at the scale of the problem and is essential for a robust and equitable recovery.