Table 6

Net jobs supported by rebalancing trade and investing in infrastructure, clean energy, and energy efficiency in 2024, by state (ranked by jobs gained by share of total state employment)

Rank State Change in trade balance Infrastructure Clean energy / energy efficiency Total jobs supported State employment (2013–2017 5-year ACS estimate) Jobs supported as a share of employment
1 Wisconsin 93,300 40,800 46,900 181,000 2,939,900 6.16%
2 North Dakota 15,400 5,200 3,700 24,300 400,500 6.07%
3 Indiana 99,000 49,500 37,400 185,900 3,124,300 5.95%
4 Iowa 52,000 21,400 21,100 94,500 1,599,700 5.91%
5 Wyoming 11,000 4,000 1,700 16,700 293,600 5.69%
6 Oklahoma 55,600 24,700 17,900 98,200 1,746,400 5.62%
7 South Dakota 14,900 5,500 4,200 24,600 438,300 5.61%
8 Michigan 128,800 73,100 49,300 251,200 4,524,900 5.55%
9 Ohio 152,600 79,900 69,900 302,400 5,488,200 5.51%
10 Kentucky 52,600 30,400 21,000 104,100 1,938,200 5.37%
11 Kansas 43,200 18,900 13,500 75,600 1,420,000 5.32%
12 Arkansas 35,600 17,500 12,900 66,100 1,276,500 5.18%
13 Nebraska 29,100 13,200 8,500 50,800 987,200 5.15%
14 Illinois 156,600 87,600 69,800 314,000 6,181,700 5.08%
15 Mississippi 30,900 18,200 12,100 61,100 1,221,800 5.00%
16 Alabama 53,600 30,400 18,700 102,700 2,055,500 5.00%
17 Minnesota 76,200 37,300 31,400 144,900 2,904,100 4.99%
18 Idaho 21,100 9,800 6,400 37,300 748,700 4.98%
19 South Carolina 52,200 31,800 24,500 108,500 2,181,000 4.97%
20 Tennessee 70,500 46,400 32,100 149,000 2,996,600 4.97%
21 Texas 328,000 181,700 108,400 618,100 12,689,100 4.87%
22 Pennsylvania 150,700 82,600 62,400 295,700 6,097,000 4.85%
23 Montana 14,800 6,500 2,800 24,100 498,000 4.84%
24 New Hampshire 16,200 9,700 8,500 34,400 713,400 4.82%
25 Washington 93,300 45,000 25,200 163,600 3,418,100 4.79%
26 Missouri 69,200 39,600 28,100 136,900 2,867,400 4.77%
27 Oregon 47,400 23,800 18,900 90,000 1,886,000 4.77%
28 Utah 33,700 19,700 10,700 64,100 1,412,200 4.54%
29 Louisiana 51,100 27,500 12,900 91,400 2,031,200 4.50%
30 West Virginia 18,800 9,800 5,000 33,600 747,000 4.50%
31 Connecticut 40,100 23,500 16,900 80,500 1,805,100 4.46%
32 North Carolina 97,000 62,400 43,900 203,400 4,571,000 4.45%
33 Georgia 98,000 66,900 39,900 204,700 4,606,300 4.44%
34 Alaska 8,700 5,300 1,600 15,600 354,000 4.41%
35 California 411,200 234,400 144,100 789,700 17,993,900 4.39%
36 Colorado 61,100 37,400 19,900 118,400 2,760,100 4.29%
37 Vermont 6,800 4,300 2,900 14,000 327,300 4.28%
38 Rhode Island 10,700 6,600 4,500 21,800 526,100 4.14%
39 Maine 13,900 8,100 4,200 26,300 658,700 3.99%
40 Arizona 57,600 39,500 20,400 117,400 2,953,900 3.97%
41 New Mexico 18,900 11,300 4,600 34,900 879,200 3.97%
42 New Jersey 81,200 59,000 29,200 169,300 4,388,000 3.86%
43 Massachusetts 62,700 43,800 28,800 135,400 3,525,700 3.84%
44 Virginia 72,500 56,000 25,800 154,300 4,084,000 3.78%
45 Florida 158,700 119,400 53,600 331,700 9,018,600 3.68%
46 Delaware 8,000 5,600 2,600 16,100 441,500 3.65%
47 Nevada 22,400 17,800 7,300 47,500 1,341,400 3.54%
48 New York 151,200 122,800 60,300 334,300 9,467,600 3.53%
49 Maryland 45,800 42,000 15,400 103,200 3,040,800 3.39%
50 Hawaii 10,300 9,200 2,500 22,000 671,800 3.27%
51 District of Columbia 4,200 4,600 1,400 10,200 357,700 2.85%
Total 3,508,200 2,071,600 1,315,400 6,895,200 150,599,200 4.58%

Note: Totals may vary slightly due to rounding. Percentages are calculated using rounded totals.

Source: Authors’ analysis of employment requirements by industry (BLS-EP 2020a) applied to trade data (USITC 2020) and authors' projections for trade in 2024 given currency realignment and an aggressive program of industrial policies, and to infrastructure and clean energy/energy efficiency investments at the allocations specified in Pollin and Chakraborty 2020. American Community Survey (ACS) data (U.S. Census Bureau 2019) are used to estimate state jobs and shares supported. For a more detailed explanation of data sources and computations, see this report, especially Tables 1–5 and the methodology appendix.

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